Few mother and father would describe the smells emanating from their adolescent youngsters as redolent of sandalwood. However one of many distinct parts of teenage physique odor is a compound that evokes that heat, woody perfume, in accordance with a small new research, which in contrast the scents of adolescents to these of infants and toddlers.

Sadly, that’s nearly the place the excellent news ended for youngsters (and their mother and father). Though there have been many similarities between the chemical compounds wafting from teenagers and tots, the variations tended to favor the youthful youngsters, whose physique odor samples had greater ranges of a compound with a flowery perfume. Adolescents, however, produced a compound that smelled like sweat and urine and had greater ranges of gear described as smelling tacky, musty and “goatlike.”

The authors of the research, which was printed within the journal Communications Chemistry on Thursday, wouldn’t go as far as to say that the outcomes proved that adolescents smelled worse than infants. However the variations they documented “might contribute to a much less nice physique odor of youngsters,” mentioned Diana Owsienko, who performed the research as a part of her doctoral analysis on the College of Erlangen–Nuremberg in Germany. (She is now a researcher at RISE Analysis Institutes of Sweden.)

Physique odor is a fancy mix of airborne chemical compounds, lots of that are produced when sweat and sebum, an oily substance sometimes secreted by means of hair follicles, are damaged down by pores and skin microbes or react with different compounds within the air. The variations in scent between younger youngsters and teenagers in all probability stem from puberty-driven adjustments in sweat and sebum manufacturing, the researchers mentioned.

The research was based mostly on samples from 18 younger youngsters, who have been age 3 or youthful, and 18 adolescents who had gone by means of puberty. To gather the physique odor samples, the scientists sewed small cotton patches into the armpits of T-shirts and physique fits, which the youngsters and teenagers wore in a single day. (Individuals have been requested to chorus from utilizing scented hygiene merchandise and consuming particularly aromatic meals, akin to onions and garlic, for 48 hours beforehand.)

Within the lab, the scientists extracted and analyzed the chemical compounds that had permeated the patches, pooling collectively samples from a number of youngsters in the identical age group.

Odor samples from younger youngsters contained a lot of the similar chemical substances because the samples from youngsters, the researchers discovered.

However there have been two compounds, each steroids, that have been current solely within the adolescent samples. Sweat glands that don’t turn into lively till puberty secrete precursors to those compounds, which pores and skin microbes convert into the steroids in query.

Characterizing scents is difficult. “There is no such thing as a international consensus on easy methods to describe odors,” mentioned Helene Loos, who’s an aroma and scent researcher on the College of Erlangen–Nuremberg and an creator of the brand new paper.

Odor consultants on the college had beforehand developed a normal vocabulary for characterizing the smells of various compounds, with an preliminary give attention to meals aromas. “We now additionally prolonged this taste language to substances occurring in physique odors,” Dr. Loos mentioned.

Cautious whiffs of the adolescents’ steroids revealed that one of many compounds smelled of sandalwood and musk. The opposite additionally had musk-like qualities, with the unlucky additions of sweat- and urinelike aromas.

The kids additionally had greater ranges of compounds referred to as carboxylic acids. They included the musty, tacky and goatlike substances — in addition to some with much less offensive aromas, variously described as earthy, fruity or waxlike.

Carboxylic acids are contained in sebum, which additionally consists of different compounds that may be transformed into carboxylic acids by microbes or varied chemical processes. Sebum manufacturing will increase throughout puberty.

The researchers theorize that, together, the 2 musky steroids plus the upper ranges of carboxylic acids might clarify why the physique odor of adolescents may be off-putting to some folks.

“I believe it’s troublesome to find out that one odor is at all times nice for everybody and to say one other odor is at all times disagreeable for each particular person,” Ms. Owsienko mentioned. “So that is an assumption from our facet.”

Few mother and father would describe the smells emanating from their adolescent youngsters as redolent of sandalwood. However one of many distinct parts of teenage physique odor is a compound that evokes that heat, woody perfume, in accordance with a small new research, which in contrast the scents of adolescents to these of infants and toddlers.

Sadly, that’s nearly the place the excellent news ended for youngsters (and their mother and father). Though there have been many similarities between the chemical compounds wafting from teenagers and tots, the variations tended to favor the youthful youngsters, whose physique odor samples had greater ranges of a compound with a flowery perfume. Adolescents, however, produced a compound that smelled like sweat and urine and had greater ranges of gear described as smelling tacky, musty and “goatlike.”

The authors of the research, which was printed within the journal Communications Chemistry on Thursday, wouldn’t go as far as to say that the outcomes proved that adolescents smelled worse than infants. However the variations they documented “might contribute to a much less nice physique odor of youngsters,” mentioned Diana Owsienko, who performed the research as a part of her doctoral analysis on the College of Erlangen–Nuremberg in Germany. (She is now a researcher at RISE Analysis Institutes of Sweden.)

Physique odor is a fancy mix of airborne chemical compounds, lots of that are produced when sweat and sebum, an oily substance sometimes secreted by means of hair follicles, are damaged down by pores and skin microbes or react with different compounds within the air. The variations in scent between younger youngsters and teenagers in all probability stem from puberty-driven adjustments in sweat and sebum manufacturing, the researchers mentioned.

The research was based mostly on samples from 18 younger youngsters, who have been age 3 or youthful, and 18 adolescents who had gone by means of puberty. To gather the physique odor samples, the scientists sewed small cotton patches into the armpits of T-shirts and physique fits, which the youngsters and teenagers wore in a single day. (Individuals have been requested to chorus from utilizing scented hygiene merchandise and consuming particularly aromatic meals, akin to onions and garlic, for 48 hours beforehand.)

Within the lab, the scientists extracted and analyzed the chemical compounds that had permeated the patches, pooling collectively samples from a number of youngsters in the identical age group.

Odor samples from younger youngsters contained a lot of the similar chemical substances because the samples from youngsters, the researchers discovered.

However there have been two compounds, each steroids, that have been current solely within the adolescent samples. Sweat glands that don’t turn into lively till puberty secrete precursors to those compounds, which pores and skin microbes convert into the steroids in query.

Characterizing scents is difficult. “There is no such thing as a international consensus on easy methods to describe odors,” mentioned Helene Loos, who’s an aroma and scent researcher on the College of Erlangen–Nuremberg and an creator of the brand new paper.

Odor consultants on the college had beforehand developed a normal vocabulary for characterizing the smells of various compounds, with an preliminary give attention to meals aromas. “We now additionally prolonged this taste language to substances occurring in physique odors,” Dr. Loos mentioned.

Cautious whiffs of the adolescents’ steroids revealed that one of many compounds smelled of sandalwood and musk. The opposite additionally had musk-like qualities, with the unlucky additions of sweat- and urinelike aromas.

The kids additionally had greater ranges of compounds referred to as carboxylic acids. They included the musty, tacky and goatlike substances — in addition to some with much less offensive aromas, variously described as earthy, fruity or waxlike.

Carboxylic acids are contained in sebum, which additionally consists of different compounds that may be transformed into carboxylic acids by microbes or varied chemical processes. Sebum manufacturing will increase throughout puberty.

The researchers theorize that, together, the 2 musky steroids plus the upper ranges of carboxylic acids might clarify why the physique odor of adolescents may be off-putting to some folks.

“I believe it’s troublesome to find out that one odor is at all times nice for everybody and to say one other odor is at all times disagreeable for each particular person,” Ms. Owsienko mentioned. “So that is an assumption from our facet.”